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不懂监控，何谈运维！万字Zabbix企业级实战手册（下）！
老男孩IT教育
技术博客
2023年7月7日 16:53
Zabbix是一个高度集成的网络监控解决方案，可以提供企业级的开源分布式监控解决方案，由一个国外的团队持续维护更新，软件可以自由下载使用，运作团队靠提供收费的技术支持赢利。
Zabbix是一个高度集成的网络监控解决方案，可以提供企业级的开源分布式监控解决方案，由一个国外的团队持续维护更新，软件可以自由下载使用，运作团队靠提供收费的技术支持赢利。
zabbix是一个基于Web界面的，提供分布式系统监控以及网络监视功能的企业级的开源解决方案。
本文接着上篇文章继续为大家讲解Zabbix企业级实战，阅读这篇文章之前建议先阅读：不懂监控，何谈运维！万字Zabbix企业级实战手册（上）！
zabbix前端页面准备
#使用源码包
tar xf zabbix-5.0.18.tar.gz
cd zabbix-5.0.18/
cp -a ui/* /app/code/zbx/
chown -R nginx.nginx /app/code/zbx/
#web页面安装
安装zabbix(zabbix 前端页面连接数据库与zabbix-server)
#php最后的配置
Minimum required size of PHP post is 16M (configuration option "post_max_size").
Minimum required limit on execution time of PHP scripts is 300 (configuration option "max_execution_time").
Minimum required limit on input parse time for PHP scripts is 300 (configuration option "max_input_time").
Time zone for PHP is not set (configuration parameter "date.timezone").
post_max_size 16M
max_execution_time 300
max_input_time 300
date.timezone
[root@m03 ~]# egrep -n '^(max_|date.timezone|post_max)' /etc/php.ini
368:max_execution_time = 300
378:max_input_time = 600
656:post_max_size = 80M
802:max_file_uploads = 20
877:date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
[root@m03 ~]# systemctl reload php-fpm.service
web连接数据库
zabbix页面连接 zabbxi 服务端
zabbix前端页面安装完成
登录 Admin: zabbix
效果
CentOS 8.x
#01 nginx随意 yum一个即可
server {
listen 80;
server_name zabbix.oldboylinux.cn;
root /code/zabbix;
location / {
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
#02 php
#nginx 1.20.1 php7.2
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
yum install epel-release.noarch -y #webtatic 要求
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-8.repo
yum install php-cli php-fpm php-gd php-mbstring php-bcmath php-xml php-ldap php-mysqlnd -y
[root@m03 ~]# rpm -qa |egrep 'nginx|php72w'
php72w-fpm-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-mbstring-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
nginx-1.20.1-2.el7.x86_64
php72w-common-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-pdo-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-mysqlnd-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-cli-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-ldap-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-xml-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-2.el7.noarch
php72w-gd-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
php72w-bcmath-7.2.34-1.w7.x86_64
#03 数据库
create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@'localhost' identified by '123456';
##注意 mysql 8.0 坑
create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> create user zabbix@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#04
[root@web01 code 22:49:59]# cat /code/mysql.php
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "lzy123.com";
// 创建连接
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
// 检测连接
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "小哥哥,php可以连接MySQL...";
?>
# mysql 8.0 坑
mysql> ALTER USER 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
[root@web01 /application/nginx/conf/extra]#tail -f /var/log/nginx/error_zabbix.log
[root@web01 /application/nginx/conf/extra]#tail -f /var/log/nginx/error_zabbix.log
2021/07/24 10:46:56 [error] 2530#2530: *7 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/2002): No such file or directory in /code/zabbix/mysql.php on line 6" while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: zabbix.oldboy.cn, request: "GET /mysql.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock:", host: "localhost"
2021/07/24 10:50:15 [error] 2530#2530: *9 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning: mysqli_connect(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in /code/zabbix/mysql.php on line 6
PHP message: PHP Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in /code/zabbix/mysql.php on line 6" while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: zabbix.oldboy.cn, request: "GET /mysql.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock:", host: "localhost"
#php lnmp c8.0 error
2021/07/24 11:05:24 [error] 2530#2530: *44 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function json_encode() in /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CSelect.php:225
Stack trace:
#0 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CObject.php(89): CSelect->toString(false)
#1 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CObject.php(66): unpack_object(Object(CSelect))
#2 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CTag.php(117): CObject->addItem(Object(CSelect))
#3 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CDiv.php(27): CTag->addItem(Object(CSelect))
#4 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CFormList.php(66): CDiv->__construct(Object(CSelect))
#5 /code/zabbix/include/classes/setup/CSetupWizard.php(235): CFormList->addRow(Object(CLabel), Object(CSelect))
#6 /code/zabbix/include/classes/setup/CSetupWizard.php(160): CSetupWizard->stage2()
#7 /code/zabbix/include/classes/setup/CSetupWizard.php(111): CSetupWizard->getStage()
#8 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CTag.php(97): CSetupWizard->bodyToString()
#9 /code/zabbix/include/classes/html/CObject.php(89): CTag->toString(false)
#10 /" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.0.1, server: zabbix.oldboy.cn, request: "POST /setup.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock:", host: "10.0.0.7", referrer: "http://10.0.0.7/setup.php"
server {
listen 80;
server_name zabbix.oldboylinux.cn;
root /code/zabbix;
location / {
index index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/zabbix.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /usr/share/zabbix;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
}
}
}
前端
监控一台服务器主机
zabbix agent vs agent2
在任何一台服务器上面安装zabbix-agent、zabbix-agent2
补充:zabbix服务端与客户端配置详解
#zabbix 服务端 说明
[root@m03 ~]# rpm -qa |grep zabbix
zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch #zabbix yum源配置文件
zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.13-1.el7.x86_64 #server
zabbix-agent2-5.0.13-1.el7.x86_64 #agent2
#zabbix服务端
[root@m03 ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-server-mysql
/etc/logrotate.d/zabbix-server #日志切割
/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf #zabbix服务端配置文件
/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service #systemctl start/stop/restart 调用配置文件
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/zabbix-server.conf #备份
/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts #报警使用的脚本 存放处
/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
/usr/sbin/zabbix_server_mysql #zabbix 服务端命令
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.13/create.sql.gz #zabbix 建表语句
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.13/double.sql
/usr/share/man/man8/zabbix_server.8.gz #帮助文件
/var/log/zabbix #日志文件
/var/run/zabbix #pid文件存放
#zabbix_server.conf
[root@m03 ~]# grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log #日志文件
LogFileSize=0 #日志文件大小 0不限制大小
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
##连接数据库部分 zabbix server 连接的数据库
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=123456
#
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log #SNMP相关日志
Timeout=4 #超时时间
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts #告警脚本的路径
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000 #慢查询日志 超过3000毫秒 select /show
StatsAllowedIP=127.0.0.1 #谁可以查看服务端状态
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/5.0/zh/manual/appendix/config/zabbix_server
zabbix-客户端配置文件详解
[root@m03 ~]# grep '^[a-Z]' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.log
LogFileSize=0
Server=127.0.0.1 #zabbix 服务端ip地址
ServerActive=127.0.0.1 #zabbix 客户端主动模式的服务端ip地址
Hostname=Zabbix server #客户端主机名 暂时不改
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.d/*.conf #类似于nginx incloude功能
ControlSocket=/tmp/agent.sock
监控客户端
# 1. 在web01 安装客户端agent2
#yum install -y zabbix-agent2
#注意: 其他机器安装rpm -ivh https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent2-5.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@web01 /etc/yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent2-5.0.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent2-5.0.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.ZUobZE: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID a14fe591: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:zabbix-agent2-5.0.13-1.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@web01 /etc/yum.repos.d]#
# 2.修改客户端配置
[root@web01 ~]# grep ^Server= /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf
Server=172.16.1.72
# 3. 启动
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent2.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-agent2.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent2.service.
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent2.service
[root@web01 ~]#
# 4. 检查
[root@web01 ~]# ss -lntup |grep 10050
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:10050 [::]:* users:(("zabbix_agent2",pid=10858,fd=6))
[root@web01 ~]# ps -ef |grep zabbix
zabbix 10858 1 0 10:05 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agent2 -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf
root 10878 10546 0 10:05 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto zabbix
[root@web01 ~]#
[root@web01 ~]# telnet 172.16.1.72 10051
Trying 172.16.1.72...
Connected to 172.16.1.72.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.
# 5. 调试命令
[root@m03 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-get
[root@m03 ~]# # zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -p 10050 -k "system.cpu.load[all,avg1]
[root@m03 ~]# zabbix_get -s 172.16.1.7 -k system.hostname
web01
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